Benefits of Gambir (Uncaria gambier Roxb)

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Benefits of Gambir (Uncaria gambier Roxb) - Gambir (Uncaria gambier Roxb.) is a kind of dried sap derived from extracts squeeze the leaves and twigs of plants with the same name that has many benefits of human. In Indonesia Gambir is mostly used in chewing. Usability is more important as a tanner and dyes. Gambir also contains catechins (catechin), a natural ingredient that are antioxidants. India imports 68% gambier from Indonesia, and use it as a mixture of chewing.

Scientific classification

• Kingdom: Plantae
• Division: Magnoliophyta
• Class: Magnoliopsida
• Order: gentianales
• Family: Rubiaceae
• Genus: Uncaria
• Species: Uncaria gambier
• Binomial name: Uncaria gambier
• Synonyms: Ourouparia gambier Roxb. Nauclea gambier
• Local Name: NAME simplicia Terra Japonica, Gele catechu; Gambir.

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Uncaria Gambir Plant characteristics:

Herbaceous plant with branching vines half lengthwise. Leaves oval, elongated, tapered tip, hairless surface (slippery), with a short petiole. The flowers are composed of a compound with a crown of pink or green; calyx short, the flower has shape like crown funnel (such as flowers coffee), five stamens, and the fruit of the capsule of the two spaces.

Plants Shrubs, 1-3 cm high. Stems erect, rounded, branching simpodial, pale brown color. Single leaf, opposite, oval, serrated edge, base rounded, tapered tip, 8-13 cm long, 4-7 cm wide, green, smooth (not hairy). Compound interest, a bell shape, in axillary, approximately 5 cm long, oval-shaped crown 5 pieces, purple, egg-shaped fruit, approximately 1.5 cm long, black color. Part Used Sari dried leaves (Gambir).

Uncaria Gambir cultivation

Gambir cultivated on land height of 200-800 m above sea level. Starting from a rather flat topography up on the hillside. Usually grown as a plantation crop in the yard . Usually semi-intensive cultivation, fertilizer but rarely given the cleaning and pruning is done. The leaves are trimmed used to produce sap Gambir. Gambir plant can be found in North Sumatra (Dairi and Pakpak Bharat) and West Sumatra.

Uncaria Gambir Uses

Gambir is a hot water extract of the leaves and twigs of the plant gambier is  molded and dried. Nearly 95% of the production is made into this product, which is called betel bite or plan masala. Usually cylindrical mold shape, resembling brown sugar. The color is dark brown. Gambir (trade between countries known as gambier) is usually shipped in 50kg packs. Other forms are powders or "biscuit". Other names dalah catechu, gutta gambier, catechu pallidum (pale catechu).

The major use is as a component of chewing, which is already known to the public archipelago, from Sumatra to Papua since at least 2500 years ago. Unknown, Gambier stimulates bile that help smooth the process in the stomach and intestines. Another function is as a mixture of drugs, such as burns, migraine headaches, diarrhea, dysentery medicine, gargle mouthwash, mouth ulcer drugs, as well as skin pain medication (massaged); tanners; and dye textiles.

Functions that are being developed as well as glue plywood or particle board. This product still has to compete with other sources of wood adhesives, such as the bark of Acacia mearnsii, balansa Schinopsis wood, and leather pods Caesalpinia spinosa produced by other countries.

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Uncaria Gambir Benefits as Medicine:

typical properties bitter and chelates. astringent and hemostatic efficacy. research zulfadli, 1989. pharmacy, faculty unand. microbiological tests have been conducted gambir extract of the leaves and twigs against several bacteria that cause diarrhea in vitro. from this research, it turns the leaves and twigs gambir extract can inhibit the growth of bacteria that cause diarrhea.

Chemical Ingredients:

Catechins, Quercetin, Samak substances catechins, Red catechins, mucus, and fat.

Main Content Gambir:

The content of the main and also contained by many other members of Uncaria are flavonoids (especially gambiriin), catechins (up 51%), tanning substances (22-50%), as well as a number of alkaloids (such as gambirtannin and dihidro- and oxo derivatives her. In addition to the gambir used modern medicines, produced by Germany, as well as coloring paints, clothing.

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Uncaria Gambir Modern Medicinal Uses

Gambir usefulness in the life of Traditional and Modern:
1. Benefits of uncaria gambir to treat Dysentery.
2. Uncaria gambir uses to Diarrhea treatment.
3. Uncaria gambir medicinal uses to treat Burns (topical).
4. Uncaria gambir extract to heal Wounds (topical).
5. Uncaria gambir as Sprue mouth (mouthwash).
6. Uncaria gambir extract as Hoarse voice (mouthwash).
7. Uncaria gambir as Healthy gums, teeth, and throat
8. The main raw material adhesive adhesive plywood and particle boards.

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Prospects Gambir modern era

What is gambier used for?

Prospects Gambir as adhesive raw materials for wood-based materials or materials other lignosellulosa seen there. As a first step the author has registered a patent on the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia with the title "Process Gambir as adhesive raw materials with the number P 00200200856" by utilizing incentives from the Ministry of Research and Technology.

Gambir can also be used as the main raw material adhesive adhesive plywood and particle boards. When Gambir exported is used as raw material for plywood adhesives in the country will meet the needs of three plywood mills with a capacity of 5000-6000 m3 / month.This is still too little compared to the needs of the plywood mill and particle board in the island of Sumatra.

Gambir can be processed in the country into another form of the present, such as the form of biscuits and flour gambier in accordance with the world market demand. Country India alone requires Gambir 6,000 tons per year. It is seen that the outlook abroad is still open.